Clock



Dec. 13, 1949 w. P. GALLAGHER 2,491,103

CLOCK Filed Jan. '10, 1946 e Sheets-Sheet 1 o 54 z 4 68 I 71 55 57 5.9 61 e3 65 6 as William P. Gallagher TTOR/VE VS /5 Dec. 13, 1949 w. P. GALLAGHER CLOCK 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 10, 1946 I/ VVE/V 7'01? William R 6allag/zer A TTOR/VE Y5 Dec. 13, 1949 w. P. GALLAGHER CLOCK 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 10, 1946 IIVVENTOR William Z? Gallagher awm A TTOR/VE Y5 Dec. 13, 1949 w. P. GALLAGHER CLOCK Filed Jan. 10, 1946 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR William B Gallagher Dec. 13, 1949 w. P. GALLAGHER CLOCK 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 10, 1946 N VE N TOR William '1, 6 all agher ATTORNEYS Dec. 13, 1949 w, GALLAGHER 2,491,103

CLOCK Filed Jan 10, 1946 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 //vv/v TOR William I? Gallagher ATTORNEYS l5 Patented Dec. 13, 1949 CLOCK William ,P. Gallagher, ChicagoglIlL, assignor'to International Register Compaximflhioago, III.,'.

a corporation of Illinois Application January 10, 1946,-Serial-No. 640,245.

8 Claims. (01.158-38).

My invention relates, generally, to clocks and it-has particular relation to improvements in and the operation of signalling and operation indicating -means of household clocks, such as electrically driven clocks.

An object of my invention, generally stated, is to provide a new and improved clock which shallbesimple and efficient'in operation and which may be readily and economically.manufactured. Another object is to provide for indicating that the motor of the clock is operating.

A further object isto operate an alarm mech: anism using power supplied by the clockimotor.

Still another object isto derive poweriforiopzcrating various signalling and indicating means from selected points alongthe gear .traininten. connecting the motor and the time indicating means.

A further object is to translatethe rotary movement of one of the gears of the-geartrain into reciprocatory movement for operating thealarm mechanism.

Another object is to operate alternately-a pair of clappers or hammers to strike abell for ringing the same.

A further object is to employ a selected oneof the gears of the'gear-train to effect intermittent operation of the alarm mechanism or soca'lled' telephone ringing thereof. I

Still another object is to lock the clappers or hammers against movement and-to interrupt the driving connection between them and thegear train.

A still further object is to placethegear train in driving connection withthe clappers or hammers at a predetermined time so as tothereupon operate thealarm.

Other objects of my invention will, in part,- be obvious and inpart appear hereinafter.

My invention, accordingly, is disclosed in the embodiments thereof shown in the accompanying drawings and it comprises the features of construction, combination of elements andarrangement of parts'which will be exemplifiedin the constructions hereinafter set forth andthe'scope of the application of which will be indicated in the appended claims.

For a more complete understanding of the nature and scope'of my invention, reference may be had. to the following detailed description,taken in connection with the accompanying-drawings, in which:

Figure l is a view, in'front elevation, of .an electric clock in which thepresentuinvention is' incorporated;

vandnit is secured in place by a rim 32.

Figure2 is a detail sectional view looking up- Wardly .through the clock mechanism along a plane containing the minute hand shaft;

Figure 3 is a view, partly in side elevation and partlyinsection showing the alarm release mechamsm;

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view along the line 4-4 of Figure-'7;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the alarm release mechanism, the'parts beingshown spaced from each other in order to more clearly show the details of construction;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the alarm mechanismand shows the manual alarm release;

Figure 37 isa view, in front elevation, of the clock with the top plate removed and shows the alarm mechanism and some of the gears in the ge'ari'train associated therewith;

Figurec8 isa perspective view of certain of the movable elements ofthe alarm mechanism;

Figure. 9 is a view, in. front elevation of the clock, similarto that shown in Figure '7 with certain of the gears being omitted and showing a modification of. the construction whereby intermittent or. telephone ringing of the alarm is efiectedpand.

FigurelO is a viewillustrating, schematically, the geartrain interconnecting the motor and the time indicating mechanism and showing how power may be derived from various points along the gear train for performing certain indicating and signalling functions.

Referring-now particularly to Figure ,1 of the drawings, it Willbe noted that the reference character 20 designates the case of .a clock having a conventional face 2| carrying the numerals 1 through 12. There are provided and mounted for concentric rotation,as willappear hereinafter, a minute'hand 22, an hour hand 23. and an alarm set hand 24. The alarm hand 24 is adjustable relativeto a scale 25 for setting the alarm to operate at the time thererindicated. In the face of the clockthere is provided an opening 26 through which an indicator 2'l projects. The indicator 2! is in the form of a disc and is provided for indicating by its movement that the motor is operating. Half of. the indicator disc 21 may be colored, red for example, and,.as will hereinafter appear, it is arranged to rotate eccentrically in the opening. whereby theindication is given in a more. striking fashion.

As shown in Figure 2 of the drawings the case 20 carries-a transparent cover 3| over the face 2% The face 2| is carried by a top plate 33 which covers a cup-shaped base plate 34. The face 2|, top plate 33 and base plate 34 may be mounted on a suitable depending flange 35, as shown. Concentric with the base plate 34 is a cup-shaped bell 36 which is supported in spaced relation with respect to the base plate 34 by means of bell mounting studs 31. A cover 38 closes the rear of the case 28 and may be secured in place by suitable screws 39 which also serve to hold the bell 36 in place.

Mounted on the rear of the base plate 34 is a motor which is indicated, generally at 43 and is shown by broken lines. It will be understood that any suitable type of motor 43 may be employed and that the particular motor construction forms no part of the present invention. For example a motor of the type shown in Haydon Patent No. 2,353,305 may be employed. However, it will be understood that other types of electric motors can be used and it will also be understood that a spring motor can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

The manual controls for the clock will now be referred to briefly. As shown in Figure 2 there is provided an alarm set knob 44 which is carried by a shaft 45, that is arranged to be rotated thereby for setting the position of the alarm hand 24 in a manner which will be indicated in detail hereinafter. There is also provided a time set knob 46 which operates through a shaft 41 for adjusting the positions of the minute and hour hands 22 and 23. An alarm release knob 48 is carried by a shaft 49. As will be set forth hereinafter, the shaft 49 is arranged to be moved longitudinally of its axis rather than for rotary movement in order to release the alarm or to shut the alarm off as the case may be.

Reference may now be had to Figure of the drawings where the gear train and parts associated therewith are shown diagrammatically. The motor 43, Figure 2, includes a rotor 52 that is mounted on a shaft 53 which carries. a rotor pinion 54.

The pinion 54 directly driven by the rotor 52 rotates at a relatively high speed. For example it may rotate at a speed of 450 R. P..M. It is necessary to reduce this speed for driving the minute and hour hands 22 and 23. This is accomplished by having the pinion 54 drive a motor pinion 55 through a reduction gear train comprising the gear wheels and pinions 56 through 68. The connection between the gear wheel 68 and the pinion 55 may be by a friction spring 69 which permits adjustment of the minute and hour hands 22 and 23 by the time set knob 46 without transmitting motion through the gear train.

The motor pinion 55 engages a gear wheel H which in turn drives a pinion 12 that is carried by a shaft I3 on which the minute hand 22 is mounted. The gear wheel II has a pinion l4 rotatable therewith which drives a gear wheel that is mounted on an hour hand gear hub I6. As shown, the hub 16 surrounds the minute hand shaft I3.

Surrounding the hour hand gear hub 16 isan alarm hand gear hub TI to which a gear wheel I8 is secured. The gear wheel 18 is rotatable to adjust the position of the alarm hand 24 that is carried by the hub 11 through a gear wheel 19 and a pinion 89 that is mounted, as shown, on the shaft 45.

It will be observed that the indicator disc 21 which, as previously described, indicates by its movement that the motor 43 is operating, is

mounted on the pin or crank 83 which in turn is mounted eccentrically on the rotor pinion 54. It is this mounting which provides the eccentric movement of the indicator disc 21, previously described. As will be hereinafter set forth in more detail, the crank 83 also serves to operate the alarm mechanism.

The gear wheel 68, Figure 10, may be provided with a pin or crank 83 which is eccentrically mounted thereon. As will hereinafter appear, the pin or crank 83' is provided for intermittent or telephone ringing of the alarm which may be desired in some cases. The gear reduction .between the motor pinion 54 and the gear wheel 60 may be such that the latter rotates at a speed of 7.5 R. P. M. when the rotor pinion 54 operates at a speed of 450 R. P. M.

Referring now particularly to Figures 4, 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings, the details of construction and the functioning of the alarm mechanism are more clearly illustrated. It is first pointed out with respect to Figure 7 that the broken outline indicated at 83 shows the gear housing carried by the base plate 34 on the rear side thereof and which forms a part of the housing for the motor 43. It will be recalled that a bell 36 is provided concentric with the base plate 34. The manner in which the bell 36 may be rung in accordance with the present invention will now be described.

There is provided a pair of hammers or clappers 84 and 85 which are rockably mounted on pins 86 and 81 extending between the base plate 34 land the top plate 33. It will be understood that, normally, the @base plate 34 will be located in a vertical position and, therefore, that the clappers 84 and 85 will normally hang in the positions shown in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings. The clappers 84 and 85 form levers of the first class and have the lower or weight arms terminating in Striker portions 88 and 89. These portions, as shown, are generally cylindrical in shape and are arranged to swing through apertures 90 and BI, respectively, in the sides of the base plate 34 to strike the inner surface of the bell 36 immediately there adjacent. The arrangement is such that the striker portions 88 and '89 are caused to engage alternately the bell 36 so as to provide for continuous ringing thereof during the operation of the alarm mechanism.

The upper portions of the clappers 84 and 85 include integrally formed extensions 92 and 93 containing generally rectangular openings 94 and 95. As shown more clearly in Figure 6 of the drawings, tines 96 and 9'! of a fork, shown generally at 98, are arranged to interfit with the rectangular openings 94 and 95. The purpose of this construction is to hold or look the clappers 84 and 85 in place to prevent their rattling during shipment or handling. It will be noted that the tines 96 and 97 of the fork 98 are integrally formed with a base portion 99 which may be secured, as by spot welding, to the shaft 49, previously referred to, which carries the alarm release knob 48. A third tine I99 is also integrally formed with the base portion 99 and, as will be presently described, is arranged to release the alarm mechanism for operation or to shut it off depending upon whether the alarm release knob 48 has been withdrawn or moved to its innermost position.

The ends of the power arms of the clappers 84 and 85 are indicated at I84 and I85, respectively. These are in the form of portions extending angularly upwardly and are arranged .to :be struck or engaged by inturned ends I06 and I0! of yoke I88 that is rockably mounted on a, pin I99 extend-I ing between the base' plat34 andtHetop pl-ate W33 end of a "pin" I II I "the'othefend of the pin' being suenorteab lthecentral portion ofthe yoke I08, a s Shown. Rocka'bly'lnquhteion the pin III is an armor conncting'rod" II2 having a*forkshapes-laws end'portio'n I I3 which, as shown; 15

"arranged to engage the crank 83 carried by the fotofpihioh541'Eighre10. 'I L I It W111 5E lifiderStOOd thafWhn fork-Shaped l otllr nd iiO itiOn "H3 bf tl'lyjonne ctingflod I I2 is in engag me With thtebiallli' 835ml the 1atter is rotated, thi's rotaryniotmn will betranslated into 'rec'iprooatory"movement" offthe connecting 'rodor arm I I2. In: turn; this reciprocatory move- "lmen't istranslated"intorbcking"movement of the 'i'oke llm sd'th-attlieen'd portions I08 and I! i'th'ereoi alternately strike "theex'tensions I04 and I05 ofthefclappe s Brand 95 so'that they, in

turr'l'fst'nke-theinner surface of the bell 36. It

Wil1 be understood that the movement of the end "screens I06 and I0 0f the y0ke""'I08t-0Ward the newererms IE4 and'I95 of the cl-appers 84 and 85 is somewhat less than"the movement of these arms'a way from the end portions'l 06 and I81. As aresultwhen thend portions I96 and ID! of the ff Stoke I88 have reachedthe limits of their travel,

"the cla'ppers I341'an'd BESW'ingfreely therefrom and into engagement with the bell 36, There is then no aarnp ngaet en as ther'emight otherwise be if the end portions I UBandI fl lrem'aine'd in engagemerit with'the claipper's 8 4 and 85 throughout the entire movement drthe latter. v

As showniiiore'clarly in Figuresfi and 7 of the drawings. the'tinlflfi, when mbved to the innerrnost positionjengagesthe arm or connecting rod |i2'""and"moves' the forked'lbwr end I I3 thereof out o: operative en'g agement"withthe crank 83. Thl ls as'long as thwalarm'knob 48 and the fOIk 98 movable therewith occupies 'the'innermost p0- sition. tHeclappers 84and 85 are locked and the conneeting "rod or arm 'I I2 is held out of engagei' ntent withthebrank a3. "Whe'ri the knob 48 and the fork 98 are withdraWnQthe'clappers 84 and 85 are free to swing an'df'the 'arm orco'nnecting rod I "I I2, ifnot otherwise held, is free to move so that theffork shapedflo'wer end I I3 ca'n' engage the "even-1:83.

It remains new to describehowlthe connectin rod or arm 'I I2 is released at a"1: 'redeterm1ned time, as indicated bythetalarm hand 24,'Figure 1,

" to effect 'op'eration *oftheal'armmechanism at the desired time. In order toprovidefor such release to provide the driving engagement therebetween.

The sleeve I22 ispron ea' with a central hub fportion' I25 which i's'i'jou'r'naled onthe hour hand gear hub 16. The arrangement is such that theh ur handgearhub 1a 'is rotatable with the "Imovablelongitudinally with respectito e :n 6 foiTeleasing the alarm-mechanism as will be presently described.

The sleeve" 'I 22 has an mteg-rauyrbrmed cupshaped -upperend" portion '1 26 with a NI -shaped notch -'I 21* therein. 1 The-notch I21 is' arran'ged to cooperate with a 'det'ent'I-ZB integrally formed with and struck up from the 'gear- 'whee118.

' Prior to entrance oftl'iede'tent l28 into the notch I21, the former-rides along th'e -uppe rrlmoi! th'ecup-shaped portionlfl and holds the sleeve I22 inthe retracted position shown in full lines in Figure 3 of the drawings.

"*There'is provided a pair of -a'rmsl29 which -"-ar e struclrou't' of thetop-plate 33'and, asshown iii-"Figures 2 and '3- of'the drawings-extend toprovided' with notches "I30 on their under Sides for receiving an al'arm releaselever. shown-gen- "ferally' at I34.

The ala1'm-release*leverI34 has a pair oi integfrally formed arms I 35 containing notches-I 36 w'hich' 'interfit with the notches 130 in thearms I29, thereby rockably-mounting the lever I34.

Thelevr' I34 has a-centr'ally located circular-slot 43-? which-straddlesthe hub portion 125 of the alarm set-sleevel22. An integrally-formed-raised portion I38 of the lever--I34= forms a bearing surface 7 which engages the under side of the cup-shaped upper-end portion 1 I 26 of the sleeve I22. A hook 139 is integrally-formed-with-the alarm release lever- I34 near' its outer end-for receiving oneend of a coiltensionspring I40, Figure 3. The other end of the colltension spring and stuck from the top plate 33.

I48 is held by a-hook l4fl integrally formed with 7 Also integrally formed with-the outer end of the 'alarm'rele'ase lever I34 is a'detent I4-I'- which Y has an' inclined face 142 for 'engag'ing-the'adug I I4 on the arm or connecting rod I I2 and moving the latter so that the forked lower end H3 is out of engagement with the-crank 83.

It will be understood that'the position of the detent I28 extending"from' the gear wheel- 18 will be determined bythe-position of--the-' alarm hand I24 since they are rotatable together as a unit by turningtheaIarm"set knob 44. Until the detent-I28 registerswith'the notch I21 in-the alarm set sleeve l22yth latter is held in the retracted-position against the 'biasing' force of the coil tension spring I40 which' -acts through the alarm release lever I34 to urge the 'alarm set sleeve I22 toward the top plate 33. Since -the sleeve-I22 is mecha'nicallyconnected tothe gearwheel I5 b y th-e lu g' IZI-and'the gear wheel is movable withthe' hour hand- 23, it'follows that the detent I28 will register with the slot 12'! when the alarm set sleeve I22 is moved to the-position corresponding to the setting of the alarm; hand- 24. Prior to registration of the detent I 28 witlrthe notcli'l21y-the detent-HI engages the lug I4 and holds-the arm or connecting rod H2 in the non operativeposition.

Now when the detent I28 registers with the notch I27, the coil tension spring-I40 swings the I alarm release lever-I34 to the position'shown by the broken lines in Figure 3 ofthe drawings. The detent MI is moved out of the path of the lug H4 and, if the tine IlJII'has been withdrawn, the arm or connecting rod I I2 'willm'ove' under the influence of gravity so as to positionthe forked-shaped end I I3 in operative f'eng'agement with the crank 83. "There'upon' 'theclappers' 88 and 89 alternately'en'gage'the'bell 36 a'sfpreviously described. The alarm will continue toriniuntil the tine I is again inserted so as to move :the arm or connecting rod II2 to a non-operative position or the gear wheel carrying the lug I2I has been rotated to such position that the alarm set sleeve I22 moves the notch I21 out of register with the detent I28 and the latter again rides upon the uppermost edge of the cupshaped portion I26 of the sleeve I22.

With a view to placing a friction load on the alarm set gear train comprising the gears 18, 19 and 80, the intermediate gear 19 is mounted on a shaft I43 which carries a coil compression spring I49, Figure 2. The spring I49 serves to impose a friction load on the gear 19. This serves to provide a limited amount of resistance to manual turning of the alarm set knob 44, which is desirable, and also serves to hold the alarm hand 24 in any position that it may be set.

It will be understood that the parts making up the clock mechanism described herein may be made of any suitable material. The clappers or hammers 84 and 85, the yoke I08 and the arm or connecting rod II2 may be formed of cold rolled steel. Likewise the alarm release lever I34 may be formed of this same material.

The hammers or clappers 84 and 85, together with the weighted lower end striker portions 88 and89, are so designed as to swing or strike alternately the bell 38 in timed relation to the movement of the yoke I08 as rocked by the arm or connecting rod H2. such and it is so distributed with respect to the pins 86 and 81 that the alternate striking thereof by the ends I06 and I01 of the yoke I08 is just sufiicient to overcome the friction and mechanical losses incident to the movement of the hammers or clappers 84 and 85. They swing free of the ends I06 and I01 and strike the bell 36 undamped by the yoke I08, as previously described.

It may be desirable to provide for intermittent ringing of the bell 36 to provide what is known as repeat or telephone ringing. It will be recalled that the gear wheel 80, Figure 10, in the gear train interconnecting the rotor pinion 54 and the motor pinion 55 is provided with a crank 83'. The function of the crank 83 is illustrated more clearly in Figure 9 of the drawings to which reference now will be had.

As shown in Figure 9 the arm or connecting rod I I2 may be provided with an integrally formed extension I46 having a cam surface I41. The cam surface I41 is positioned in the path of the crank 83 so that, when this engagement takes place, the arm or connecting rod H2 is lifted out of engagement with the crank 83. During the time when the arm or connecting rod [I2 is out ofengagement with the crank 83, the hammers or clappers 83' and 85 cease to strike the bell 36. When the crank 84 moves out of engagement with the cam surface I41, the arm or connecting rod II2 again engages the crank 83 and the ringing is resumed. The relation between the movement of the crank 83' in engagement with the cam surface I41 may be such that the ringing period and the non-ringing period are approximately equal in time.

Since certain further changes can be made in the foregoing constructions and different embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is intended that all matter shownin the accompanying drawings or set forth hereinbefore shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

That is, their weight is' .I claim as my invention;

1. In an alarm clock, in combination, a base plate disposed to be mounted normally in a vertical position, bell means adjacent said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate and arranged to strike said bell means, a yoke rock ably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate and adapted operatively to engage said clappers, means for rocking said yoke to cause said clappers alternately to strike said bell means, means for setting said rocking means to operate at a predetermined time, and means for releasing said rocking means for operation.

2. In an alarm clock, in combination, a base plate disposed to be mounted normally in' a vertical position, motor means carried by said base plate, time indicating means carried by said base plate, a reduction gear train interconnecting said motor means and said time indicating means, bell means adjacent said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate and arranged to strike said bell means, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate and adapted operatively to engage said clappers, a crank carried by one of the gears of said gear train, and an arm interconnecting said yoke and said crank for rocking the former to cause said clappers alternately to strike said bell means.

3. An alarm clock, in combination, a base plate disposed to be mounted normally in a vertical position, motor means carried by said base plate, time indicating means carried by said base plate, a reduction gear train interconnecting said motor means and said time indicating means, bell means adjacent said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate and arranged to strike said bell means, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate and adapted operatively to engage said clappers, a crank carried by one of the gears of said gear train, an arm interconnecting said yoke and said crank for rocking the former to cause said clappers alternately to strike said bell means, means for releasing said arm for operative engagement with said crank, and additional means for releasing said arm for such operative engagement at a predetermined time.

4. In an alarm clock, in combination, a base plate disposed to be mounted normally in a vertical position, motor means carried by said base plate, time indicating means carried by said base plate, a reduction gear train interconnecting said motor means and said time indicating means, bell means adjacent said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate and arranged to strike said bell means, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate and adapted operatively to engage said clappers, a crank carried by one of the gears of said gear train, an arm interconnecting said yoke and said crank for rocking the former to cause said clappers alternately to strike said bell means, and means operated by another gear of said gear train for periodically disconnecting said arm from said crank whereby said bell means is rung intermittently.

5. In an alarm clock, in combination, a circular vertically disposed base plate, a bell concentric with said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate with their lower ends arranged to strike the interior of said bell, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate for alternately engaging the upper ends of said clappers to cause the same alternately to strike said hell, a crank, means for rotating said crank, an arm operatively inter-connecting said yoke and said crank, and means for periodically interrupting the operative connection between said yoke and said crank whereby said bell is rung intermittently.

6. In an alarm clock, in combination, a circular vertically disposed base plate, a bell concentric with said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate with their lower ends arranged to strike the interior of said bell, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate for alternately engaging the upper ends of said clappers to cause the same alternately to strike said bell, a crank, means for rotating said crank, an arm operatively interconnecting said yoke and said crank, and means for periodically disconnecting said arm from said crank whereby said bell is rung intermittently.

7 In an alarm clock, in combination, a circular vertically disposed base plate, a bell concentric with said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate with their lower ends arranged to strike the interior of said bell, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate for alternately engaging the upper ends of said clappers to cause the same alternately to strike said bell, a crank, means for rotating said crank, an arm operatively interconnecting said yoke and said crank, and means for simultaneously locking said clappers against movement and said arm out of engagement with said crank.

8. In an alarm clock, in combination, a circular 10 vertically disposed base plate, a bell concentric with said base plate, a pair of clappers rockably mounted at their upper ends on said base plate with their lower ends arranged to strike the interior of said bell, a yoke rockably mounted intermediate its ends on said base plate for alternately engaging the upper ends of said clappers to cause the same alternately to strike said bell, a crank, means for rotating said crank, an arm operatively interconnecting said yoke and said crank, means for releasing said clappers for striking said bell, means for releasing said arm into operative engagement with said crank, and additional means for releasing said arm for said operative engagement with said crank at a predetermined time.

WILLIAM P. GALLAGHER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 3,234 Taylor Dec. 15, 1868 587,137 Pullman July 2'7, 1897 588,550 Brewster Aug. 24, 1897 1,089,712 Kensit Mar. 10, 1914 1,838,069 Arden Dec. 22, 1931 1,987,210 Porter Jan. 8, 1935 1,999,692 Haydon et a1 Apr. 30, 1935 2,006,758 Carlson July 2, 1935 2,053,859 Whitehead et al. Sept. 8, 1936 2,211,426 Hutchinson Aug. 13, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 36,806 Germany Sept. 9, 1886 

